Brief description of site: About 300 m south-west of the painted rock overhang and on a lower 600 m contour there is a cluster of large rock blocs just off the slope of the valley side and on the valley floor with a vast flat expanse in front of it. The jumbled blocs make for a spacious rock shelter that has a tunnel through it. There is a very noticeable large and light-coloured rock overhand on the contour above this site.
There are many stone tools of hornfels and quartzite on the floor of this site and all around it - it must have been a popular place to live. There is a lot of ostrich eggshell in both fragment and bead form. Recent stone seats have been brought in to take advantage of the breeze that blows through this tunnel-cave.
Brief description of art: On the outside of the overhang and at the entrance to the smallest part of the tunnel is a vertical rock face with a 750 mm x 700 mm engraved cluster comprising 11 feline spoor, 2 antelope spoor and 31 cupules. The cupules measure between 16 mm - 35 mm in diameter and between 4 mm - 11 mm deep. The spoor are all engraved in pecked-infill and vary from 55 mm x 40 mm in size to 80 mm x 75 mm. 2 of the feline spoor are shown with claws extended. On the outer face of the rock bloc there are 3 faded red human figures in red paint representing a Bushman rock painting episode.
Brief description of site: About 300 m south-west of the painted rock overhang and on a lower 600 m contour there is a cluster of large rock blocs just off the slope of the valley side and on the valley floor with a vast flat expanse in front of it. The jumbled blocs make for a spacious rock shelter that has a tunnel through it. There is a very noticeable large and light-coloured rock overhand on the contour above this site.
There are many stone tools of hornfels and quartzite on the floor of this site and all around it - it must have been a popular place to live. There is a lot of ostrich eggshell in both fragment and bead form. Recent stone seats have been brought in to take advantage of the breeze that blows through this tunnel-cave.
Brief description of art: On the outside of the overhang and at the entrance to the smallest part of the tunnel is a vertical rock face with a 750 mm x 700 mm engraved cluster comprising 11 feline spoor, 2 antelope spoor and 31 cupules. The cupules measure between 16 mm - 35 mm in diameter and between 4 mm - 11 mm deep. The spoor are all engraved in pecked-infill and vary from 55 mm x 40 mm in size to 80 mm x 75 mm. 2 of the feline spoor are shown with claws extended. On the outer face of the rock bloc there are 3 faded red human figures in red paint representing a Bushman rock painting episode.
Brief description of site: This site comprises a large overhang making for a cave-like space up to 2 m deep and up to 3 m high (but typically 1.5 m) on a large rock bloc with a sloping and reasonably extensive floor area. This cave-like overhang is sited next to large upstanding rock bloc complex. The overhand has Bushman rock paintings and Bushman rock engravings, while the upstanding rock bloc has Bushman rock engravings. This site and its Outlier - NAM TWT15 - marks the southernmost extent of the main NAM TWT Site Complex. The site is south of the small tributary that separates NAM TWT10 from Sites NAM TWT11-13. There is a good view down the valley and towards the main site complex. This site is on the 640 m contour and just outside of the main declared monument area. There is a noticeable echo and wind roar at this site.
The overhang part of the site has a very hard, gritty floor that slopes. Rain and tourists have picked the surface of this site clean of artefacts. There are stone tools further down the slope and also bone and ostrich eggshell, fragments.
Brief description of art: There are about 20 Bushman rock engravings and 25 Bushman rock paintings here (with perhaps some Khoekhoen art also present), probably the best-preserved paintings in the valley.
Overhang site: The overhang interior wall has two facets, both of which are painted.
Facet 1: On the one facet are the well-preserved torsos of 7 buck painted in red paint with an average dimension of 150 mm x 90 mm. One of these buck is gracile and may represent a springbok, while the other six are sturdier and may represent oryx, though one sturdy buck has very kudu-like legs. There is a large 400 mm x 290 mm white buck painted on top of the red buck torsos. There is also a white belly of an oryx surviving as a remnant of a once-whole animal painting. There are at least 4 ostrich heads in white paint and two very enigmatic motifs. The enigmatic motifs consist of alternating thin red and while parallel lines arranged in an open triangle or roughly arrow shape. There does not seem to be any paint nearby and it is not yet possible to say what these enigmatic motifs may signify. There is also a partial red outline buck.
Facet 2: On the overhang's other fact there are four red buck painted, one of which has part of an eland-like head surviving. This buck has dimensions of 360 mm x 230 mm. There are also three fragmentary human figures paintings. There is an upside-down nested catenary curve. There is then a central red finger-painted motif enclosing two red lozenge shapes. There is an incomplete second such red finger-painted outline. These finger paintings may represent a Khoekhoen presence. There is also a painted and partially rubbed out arrow motif and a recent engraved 'd'-like shape.
South wall: Just outside the painted shelter are four pecked-infill engraved spoor - 1 antelope, 2 equid and a horseshoe-like spoor, probably also zebra. There are two other pecked areas. Less than 10 m from the paintings there are 5 more spoor associated with little dots/cupules.
Passageway: Between the south-eastern painted facet and the spoor engravings is a narrow passageway, formed where the rocks abut. Inside this passageway 2 m an in an area that gets no sunlight and which is dark, there is a very detailed rock painting of a kudu in red with white body stripes and no apparent head. This rock painting is very difficult to see and one wonders to what purpose it was placed here. It does not seem as if the engraved rock bloc rolled onto the painted shelter either, making it seem as though the artists intentionally sought out a dark and hidden location for her or his art.
Upstanding rock bloc complex: Immediately north-north-west of the painted overhang is a huge rock bloc complex that has Bushman rock engravings on it northern and western face. There is a pecked-outline equid, 2 fine pecked-infill giraffe - one large at 800 mm x 360 mm and the other with a very short neck, 3 very schematic animals in a rough pecked-outline. To the north is a third partial pecked-infill giraffe and perhaps an accompanying juvenile, part of which has flaked off. There is a schematic pecked-outline ?equid and the pecked-outline head of a third animal. A fourth giraffe emerges out of a large circular exfoliated area of rock. There may be an abraded groove below the main image cluster.
Brief description of site: This site is located on the lowermost slopes, 600 m contour on the southern side of the watercourse that flows from the valley sides. There is a nice level area with large rock bloc associated in a natural rock amphitheatre. . Has a good view of the dominant massive engraved rock block at NAM TWT9 and also of NAM TWT10.
There seem to be small pockets of softer deposit among rock blocs but the main living area has both been picked clean by visitors and by the construction of the tourist path. Water also washes down here occasionally, carrying cultural material with it.
Brief description of art: There are a number of large rock blocs - at least 10 that bear rock engravings, almost all of which seem to be Bushman-authored and number at least 120 images.
Spoor rock: The most visually spectacular and densely engraved rock that is dominated by two huge 480 mm x 390 mm spoor - probably rhinoceros. There is a lot of other spoor engraved such as the 7-toed human footprint, giraffe, antelope and feline, including a 7-toed feline with claws extended. There is also equid, giraffe, rhino and ostrich in pecked-infill technique. There are rough pecked-outline circles with central cupules and a fine pecked-infill upside-down bird such as is pecked at NAM TWT9.
Giraffe rock: At the tip of a long, horizontal needle-like rock, one of the many that encircle the amphitheatre, is a very nice giraffe engraved with several others in pecked-outline and pecked-infill.
Large titled spoor bloc: This location is upslope and north of the main spoor rock on a vast sloping surface. There is a large giraffe spoor here and some rough pecked-outline giraffe (2) near rhino, one of which has a very long horn. There are two possible human figures.
Other imagery: Less densely scattered about on rocks are engravings of antelope, giraffe, ?jackal, oryx, ostrich, rhino a possible wildebeest and zebra. Spoors abound along with some more rough pecked-outline circles and geometric motifs. Rhino are dominant.
Brief description of site: This site is located further south than NAM TWT11 and on the 620 m contour. There is a good view to the west over an opposing valley. There is a much steeper slope behind these engravings.
The archaeological context has been very disturbed by visitors though there are still hornfels and quartzite stone tools visible off the walkway areas. Water action also disturbs the archaeological context in the wet season.
Brief description of art: There is a jumble of large rock blocs and a localised cluster of Bushman rock engravings (,150) on about two dozen rocks.
Carstenplatte: This is the most impressive engraved near-vertical expanse that dominates Site 12. Names after `H.J. Carstens' who engraved his initials, surnames and the date `25. I. 1948' on this engraved panel. His name and the date have been unsuccessfully covered up by a cement slurry as at the Reisenblock. Before this, the name was whitewashed out. On the vast sandstone expanse is a multitude of finely-pecked imagery that includes: many pecked-infill and 3 pecked-outline rhino, a human footprint, over 11 giraffe - including one with intricate pecked body patterning - ostriches, an elephant, oryx, juvenile oryx, and odd aardvark-like animal, several short, paired parallel pecked lines (?spoor), zebra and so on.
Sloping rhino rock: Immediately left of the Carstenplatte there are two superb 900 mm x 470 mm ?white rhinoceros, one with a 300 mm anterior horn and unusually long tail engraved in a deep and careful pecked-infill. Back lines are quite wiggly and one rhino appears to have a penis sheath.
Weathered rock: Below the rhino is a rock on which there are 3 extremely weathered equids - one in pecked-outline, 1 in pecked-infill and the lowermost a chemically weathered pecked-outline. There may be a fourth equid to the left.
Zebra rock: On the leftmost approach to the Carstenplatte and adjacent to Rhino rock is a near-horizontal rock onto which have been engraved in very bright and singular lines 8 clear striped zebra, a big 750 mm pecked outline rhino, a pecked-outline kudu, 1 pecked-outline oryx, 2 rough pecked infill ostrich, a possible zebra foal and 8 paired parallel engraved lines. The aesthetic of these engravings is unlike anything else at Twyfelfontein and the light patination suggests that these engravings are of a more recent date than most other engravings here.
Below Carstenplatte: On the level area below there is an upright boulder on which a large elephant has been pecked in infill and whose feet end in the twisted perspective spoor view. Tusks and trunk are clearly visible. On the same boulder are also engraved pecked-infill antelope, equids and giraffe. There are feline pug marks as well as antelope spoor depicted. Above are a rhino and a possible eland and a possible juvenile antelope. On adjacent rocks there are ostrich - finely done and recent examples - as well as giraffe.
Penguin rock: Nearer to the watercourse on lower slopes on the river on a 4 m long sloping, 30° rock slab. On this are engraved giraffe, 4 ostrich, rhino in partial pecked-infill, several small animals - probably antelope - at least 5 wildebeest-like animals and three strange animals - two large and one small. These animals Dr. Scherz thought might represent penguins, but these are more likely to represent very rudimentary giraffe such as those found below the Löwenplatte.
Other imagery: Scattered about in the mini-amphitheatre below the Carstenplatte are engravings of antelope, ostrich, rhino, a possible human figure, quite a number of giraffe, a roughly pecked-infill elephant and two well pecked-infill elephant on a rock to the south and west.
Brief description of site: On the opposite side of the watercourse to NAM TWT10 is NAM TWT11, which consists of at least 30 engraved rocks with Bushman rock engravings (,150) and a few Khoekhoen rock engravings (,24). The most visually impressive sites are those that occur on large blocs of rock situated around what in the wet season will be water-filled pools.
The context is similar to NAM TWT10 with water damage and erosion though many stone tools are visible on the ground surface.
Brief description of art: Springbockplatte: Located high up in the watercourse above all the waterholes is a large, upright rock bloc. There is deep and fine pecked-infill imagery here that comprises 6 feline spoor, 6 equid spoor, 3 giraffe spoor, 5 antelope spoor, 4 giraffe, at least 10 springbok and a zebra. On a set-back rock facet there is a magnificent pecked-infill rhino whose feet end in a twisted perspective spoor view. There is also an oryx superimposed on an ostrich. There is also a second oryx and ostrich engraved
Affenplatte: Down from the Springbokplatte is a weathered block with several engravings including a rare deeply engraved pecked-infill human figure. There is also engraved here a giraffe and kudu, as well as several animals, an oryx and an ostrich. Springbok and zebra are also present and on the side of this bloc are more antelope engraved.
Halbmondplate: A little further down the watercourse on a very weathered vertical rock slab are some very weathered images of at least 4 birds as well as human figures. There are many animal spoor such as antelope, giraffe, feline, zebra and giraffe.
Giant elephant rock: On the southern side of the watercourse, perhaps 25 m from the Halbmondplatte is engraved on a large vertical surface a 1050 mm x 730 mm elephant in both fine and rough deep pecked-infill in technique similar to the elephant at the Reisenblock. There are also two more lightly pecked rhino, a deeply pecked ?rhino, 2 giraffe, 3 small buck and 3 equids. There is a deep pecked-infill ?antelope spoor and 3 more recent-looking pecked-outline buck. On a facing surface is a deep pecked-infill engraving of a bird-like motif such as is found at the Reisenblock and at Site 13.
Giant rhino rock: Downslope from the Giant Elephant rock and on the same level and in sight of the Löwenplatte is a large table-like rock located above a sandy waterpool. There are 4 huge rhino (970 mm x 480 mm) rhino engraved here - the larger two in pecked-infill and the smaller two in pecked outline. There are also 2 giraffe in partial pecked-infill and 1 pecked-infill kudu with wiggly horns. An ostrich and three other engraved animals complete the engraved inventory for this rock. Adjacent to the rhino engravings on another rock there are 3 partial pecked-infill giraffe and 2 other pecked-outline animals. On vertical side nearby there are two more rhino, one in pecked outline and smaller pecked-infill.
Lower cave: A large rock bloc has tumbled sideways low down in the watercourse between and below the Löwenplatte and the large rhino rock. On this rock is engraved in deep pecked-infill a human figure carrying what may be a bow. There is also a large pecked-infill giraffe, an antelope and an ostrich.
Geometric rock: On a near-horizontal rock below the horizontal rock with the impressive rhinos is a collection of rough pecked-outline circles and other Khoekhoen geometric imagery.
Other imagery: This includes oryx, ostrich, giraffe - including a beautiful partial pecked-infill example (near the Giant Rhino rock), a strange 'tick' -like image, spoor engravings of giraffe,
Brief description of site: This 'site' is, in fact, a scatter of engraved rock blocs on the northern and eastern sides of the seasonal river that bisects the NAM TWT Main Site Complex. In other words, on the left of the river looking up the valley slope or right of the river course as the river flows. The terrain is steep - ranging between 620 - 660 m contours - and is characterised as a giant jumble of large and medium rocks. View is very localised and to the west.
Because of the steepness, water action (which is severe when the river is in spate) and impact of visitor's visiting the famous Löwenplatte, the surface archaeology is very disturbed and by no means in situ. There are, however, many stone tools visible.
Brief description of art: This part of NAM TWT is dominated by Bushman rock engravings (n , 75) that are found on about 15 rocks. The most notable engraved pulses are:
Löwenplatte: This is perhaps the best known engraved imagery at Twyfelfontein and consists of the famous 700 mm x 600 mm lion whose feet and impossibly long 480 mm tail end in lion pug marks, which are shown in twisted perspective. Further 'non-real' elements include the 6 toes on the tail's terminal pugmark. In the mouth of the lion there is an antelope, though this may be the result of engraved superpositioning. On the same expanse of engraved, near-vertical rock bloc - located at the foot of the Reisenblock - there is a pecked-infill leopard-like animal, a large partial pecked-infill giraffe, 3 partial pecked-infill rhinoceros (one with a wiggly horn), 18 antelope and equids, a possible fourth rhino in pecked-outline and two ostriches.
Below Löwenplatte: There are two very odd, rudimentary pecked-outline giraffe here (one covered partially by sand); similar to the 'seals' of Dr Scherz and Site 11. There is also an elephant and human footprint engravings. 3 oryx, ostrich and a possible sable antelope are also present on this diverse image cluster. On a nearby smaller rock bloc is a very nice tail and head of a black rhino and 5 rough pecked-outline circles. Another good but old and patinated rhino and antelope spoor engraving. Nearby is a very weathered vertical image cluster on which there is a row of pecked-infill and round-bodied ostrich, antelope and a detailed maned zebra.
Cave-like shelter: A short way (20 m) upslope from the vertical and round-bodied ostrich image cluster there is a cave-like space in which 5 giraffe have been engraved, including one with an exceptionally long neck (420 mm of 710 mm body). There are also 3 equids and one recent attempt to engrave what looks like an ostrich.
Sloping rock: Low down and in the watercourse on a large rock bloc with upper, sloping section engraved. Here there is a collection of 1 pecked-outline and 4 pecked-infill giraffe, 5 human footprints (3 in pecked-infill), 2 very fat pecked-infill ostrich and 2 slimmer ones, a fat equid, perhaps with a foal, an antelope spoor and 4 other animals.
Other imagery: These are located upslope on isolated rocks and include engravings of giraffe, a good pecked -outline elephant, human footprints and some antelope spoor, zebra, oryx, rhino, springbok and giraffe spoor.
Brief description of site: Immediately above the spring on the 660 m contour there is a large, flat, sand-covered mini-plateau that makes for an excellent living area. This flat area is fringed by large rock blocs, two of which occur on the plain area as rock shelters, one of which is a large mushroom-shaped outcrop and the other a squatter but deeper shelter with Bushman rock paintings. Upslope to the south-east there is an arched cave-like space with Bushman rock engravings and a rock painting. There is also a shelter upslope and on the north-eastern edge of the flat area. The rest of the area has Bushman and Khoekhoen rock engravings. The view is very localised unless one goes to the edges of the flat are and gazes west over the valley.
Though disturbed by the construction of the visitor's path and illegal sampling by visitors, there remains a great deal of surface archaeology in the form of hornfels and quartzite stone tools of every description; especially in the less-visited off-path areas; ostrich eggshell fragments and so forth. There are also a number of surviving semi-circular, circular and oval small (diameter of 1 m - 1.5 m) stone circles that have been made by placing thin pavement-like stone slabs on their edges. These stone circles may represent Khoekhoen Architecture. The painted rock shelter was excavated by Dr. Eric Wendt and was filled with cultural material to a depth of about 400 mm.
Brief description of art: Geometrics.
This area has both Bushman rock engravings (,50) & rock paintings (,43) as well as Khoekhoen rock engravings (,70) located in five main locations.
North-eastern rock shelter: At the north-eastern edge of the flat living area there is a high but small rock shelter. At the back and to the side of this shelter on a sloping rock bloc there is a collection of geometric Khoekhoen imagery - primarily 9 rough pecked-outline circles, a cup-and-ring motif, some wavy lines and half a pecked-outline dumbbell motif
On the eastern edge of the flat area there is a jumble of large rock blocs and slabs. On one such large slab, sloping at a 40° angle, there is one of NAM TWT's best-known images. This takes the form of a 860 mm x 680 mm kudu ewe in what has become known as a 'dancing' posture. The kudu has been engraved and then abraded to a smooth polish - a most unusual technique for Bushman rock engravings. A cup-and-ring motif in front of the kudu has been similarly abraded and polished. A lighter abraded and polished line runs down from the kudu's snout. The kudu's tail has been re-engraved and there are at least three geometric motifs placed partially on top of the kudu. The rest of this large image cluster is dominated by geometric imagery - probably Khoekhoen in origin. These geometrics are in the form of rough and fine pecked-outline circles, dumbbell motifs, internally divided circles, a spindly star-like motif, meandering lines, a cup-and-ring motifs and 6 very singular crescent-cupule motifs. These motifs consist of a crescent or 'new moon' engraved shape that is surrounded in a circle by 24-27 cupule-like dots, though these are smaller than the typical cupules encountered at Twyfelfontein. The geometric imagery has variable patination, showing that the geometric forms were added to the slab over time. Below this slab there is an arc of 15 pecked-outline circles, other geometrics.
Adjacent rock blocs: Immediately west of the site there is an upright rock jumble on the back, western side of which is engraved a rare human figure, two ostrich in rough pecking as well as further geometrics and a possible human footprint engraving.
Located centrally and further south from the Fabeltier is an obvious squat mushroom rock with quite a large area of overhang with a convex shelter wall. On this wall are about 43 Bushman rock paintings, named after the two cross-legged and seated human figures painted in red. There is a third kneeling red human figure painted with a single bar infibulated penis and busy drawing his bow. Above these there is a row of at least 9 red human figures. 1 standing human figure has also a drawn bow. There is a nice white giraffe with red dorsal stripe and red patterning marks on the body. Its head is white and rather equid-like. There are then 3 small goose-stepping and bow-carrying red human figures. There is a large 370 mm ?zebra near 4 red bags and 4 red human figures with Brandberg-like head-dresses. There are two large human figures painted in red. On the shelter's ceiling there are 7 well-preserved light red antelope torsos and 8 red human figures. On the rock adjacent to the shelter there are some engraved animals.
Archway engraved shelter: Upslope and behind the Zwei Schneider shelter there is a massive leaning rock bloc at an entrance to a large rock shelter that has an arched and large passageway through it. Inside the shelter there is a rock-painted equid and a pecked-infill giraffe engraving. On the massive rock bloc outside are engraved a huge 1130 mm x 930 mm bull giraffe in deep pecked outline and partial pecked infill. There are also 8 other engraved animals - another giraffe, 4 antelope with twirly horns and thus probably representing kudu, a possible juvenile antelope, and equid and a ?kudu with a rhinoceros-like snout and tail up.
Brief description of site: There is an extensive boulder field between NAM TWT6 and to within 40 m of the farmhouse ruin. Also north of the farmhouse ruins on the low slopes there are isolated engravings. The boulder field is dominated by Bushman rock engravings - up to 120 - and by cupules - over 200. The ground is undulating and most of the engravings are located above the tier on which the farmhouse ruins are situated. Very rocky walking with a good view to the west and also a bit south, up the valley.
There is a reasonably even and sparse scatter of stone tools throughout the boulder field. This area has been quite disturbed by farming activity and the making of paths.
Brief description of art: Main cupule rock: One of 3 rocks on which there are many cupules. This large rock is situated on the southern side of the boulder field facing the visitor's centre. On a near-vertical face (70°) are engraved in fine pecked-infill 4 giraffe and 13 other animals and over 160 cupules. These cupules are between 20 mm - 63.5 mm in diameter and between 5 mm - 17.5 mm deep. On the side of this rock are an ostrich and rare human figure. Another such human figure is on the other side of the rock.
Second cupule rock: Located 10 m immediately east and adjacent to the main cupule rock. Also on a 70° slope there are 20 cupules (27.5 mm - 39 mm diameter and 5 mm - 6.5 mm deep) and 8 fine pecked-infill equids, probably zebra. On the rock's second facet is an ostrich and six zebra-like animals and a possible human footprint engraved. Bulk of cupules on the lower surface.
Dark rock: Immediately south-east of the second cupule rock is a long, low rock slab on which pecked-infill giraffe, hyena, ostrich, rhinoceros - possibly with a calf, associated with 2 cupules - are engraved. The ostrich is joined to an equid engraving by a pecked-infill line. There are at least two dozen animals engraved on this rock, most of them very weathered and patinated.
Third cupule rock: About 25 m north of second cupule rock. Takes the form of a thin and weathered slab of Etjo sandstone on top of a medium-sized rock bloc. There are engraved in rough pecked-infill giraffe. Ostrich and ?rhino, a 6-toed human footprint and 24 cupules that are between 26 mm - 42.5 mm in diameter and 8 mm - 14 mm deep. There are some pecked-infill wiggly lines engraved and also a 'cloud' of punctate marks. On the vertical side of the rock are engraved oryx, ostrich and equid and two very long-snouted animals in a very rough pecked technique. Perhaps 9 more cupules and could have been more but weathering has been severe. On a very large adjacent rock there are a further 7 cupules.
Ostrich rock: To the north is an impressive frieze of over 12 ostrich, a giraffe, rhino, 3 equids and a rare human figure engraved in the 'arms up' posture. Technically proficient engravings.
Hump sites: On the hillock above the boulder field are a number of smaller engraved rocks. Subjects include, ostrich, giraffe, equid, at least 6 cupules. The imagery is widely dispersed and weathered.
Polished elephant and recent rhino sites: Higher up the slope above the farmhouse ruin en route to Site 8, there is a large, sloping rock bloc off on its own and to the east. On this there is a 1150 mm long abraded giraffe. This is a very unusual technique of representation, but has found expression at NAM TWT1 at the NAM TWT6. There are also two ostrich and two concentric circle motifs, as well as various other rough pecked geometric imagery, such as a dumbbell and other pecked-outline circles that have been damaged by exfoliating rock surface. To the north of this site is another, just off the path where it begins to get steep near the spring. Here a rhino, ostrich, small animal and quadruped are engrave din pecked-infill and partial pecked-infill. The more recent initials of a person have also been engraved into the rock with a metal instrument.
Brief description of site: This site complex comprises at least 4 locales and is the northernmost part of the NAM TWT1. NAM TWT6 is a large, very noticeable rock bloc with several small overhangs located on flat ground 50 m from the eastern valley wall and has mostly Khoekhoen and some Bushman rock engravings. The first is only 35 m to the north with a very marked and deep overhang as part of a large rock bloc, which has mostly Khoekhoen rock engravings. 50 m north of this site is a small overhang and Bushman rock paintings. 10 m north of this on a localised high point are Bushman engravings. The sites are all located on the 600 m contour and are less than 100 m from the seasonal river in the valley.
All the sites show evidence of habitation with surfaces scatter of stone tools. There is also abundant ostrich eggshell, both as fragments and as rare worked beads. Charcoal is very abundant because modern campers used this area in the past, as it is an excellent campsite, giving shelter from the wind.
Brief description of art: NAM TWT6 is dominated by geometric imagery that is thought to have been made by Khoekhoen herder peoples. There are also some Bushman rock engravings as well as rock paintings.
NAM TWT6 Main site:
Southern side: is a huge but thin rock bloc abutting main site bloc with a passageway-like space between the two. On northern and southern faces of this bloc there are concentrations of geometric imagery. N face has 4 cup-and-ring marks, 2 pecked-outline circles, and rows of cupules with dimensions of between 12 mm 24 mm 6 mm. There are various straight and meandering engraved lines and one circles has two lines coming off it. There is also engraved buck spoor, which are engraved in much finer pecking than the geometric imagery. 1 crucifix-like design. Inside the passage-like space on the ceiling is a pecked-outline circle and two pecked lines. The southern face of the bloc has a very large 240 mm diameter bisected pecked-outline circle. There are also 4 cup-and-ring marks and 1 pecked outline circle with 6 cupules within it. 6 other pecked-outline circles. There are three vertical parallel rows and one another such alignment, this time consisting of 5 rows of cupules. There are another more isolated 2 vertical rows of cupules. There are over 70 cupules overall, ranging between 1 mm - 23.5 mm in diameter and between 3 mm - 7.5 mm deep. A very large, cup-like engraved depression is 49 mm diameter.
Horizontal rock bloc: immediately to the south of the leaning bloc there are two very weathered cup-and-ring marks and a third pecked-outline circle near the tip. 2 m to the east is a 270 mm diameter cup-and-ring mark and two vertical, parallel rows of 13 cupules with 20 mm - 42 mm diameter and 3 mm - 5.5 mm depth.
Western side of main bloc: there is a sloping rock with 2 rough-pecked and partial animals and a 6-toed human footprint pecked in outline. There is also a 4-toed feline pug mark with nails extended. These are typical Bushman rock engravings. Ostrich and equids are engraved on the more vertical side of this rock.
High southern side: Over 3 m above the present surface level, on the southern side of the main bloc there are more geometrics - pecked-outline circle, cupules and lines.
Northern cave-like site: 50 m north of the main bloc site at a slightly higher elevation is a rock block with a very deep (up to 4 m) overhang that is 3.5 m long and up to 2 m high. On the southern side of the overhang is a large 45° sloping rock bloc within the shelter is a 1.8 m x 0.33 m image cluster dominated by geometric Khoekhoen imagery. There are at least 9 cup-and-ring motifs with a rough-pecked circular outline and a cupule as the central point. The cupules are between 42 mm - 53 mm in diameter and 7 mm - 14 mm deep. Within the overhang is a large 3.1 m x 2.3 m slightly tilted table-like rock slab that bears at least 5 cup-and-ring engravings and at least 67 cupules in addition to over a dozen natural cupule-like marks. The cupules range between 22.5 mm and 64 mm in diameter and 4 mm - 24.5 mm depth while the cupules in the cup-and-ring marks are between 27 mm - 70.5 mm diameter and 3.5 - 20.5 mm deep. There is one rough-pecked circular line within an oval. There is also an 'exclamation mark' like pecked design in pecked-infill technique. There is a rough-pecked outline dumbbell-like motif. Some of the imagery appears to have been re-pecked or 'renewed' by persons unknown. The inner part of one of the dumbbell circles has been removed and partially polished - a rare technique that is most evident on the famous 'Dancing Kudu/Fabeltier' and large elephant engravings at the main site. Some of the circular lines also appear to have been smoothed. On vertical sides of rock table there are at least 8 further cupules (34.5 mm - 73 mm diameter and 10. 5 mm - 16 mm deep) and 7 pecked infill lines that come off the horizontal surface onto the vertical. 1 cup-and-ring mark. Nearby there is a partial pecked-infill kudu, a double row of cupules and 2 cup-and-ring marks.
Painting and engravings sites. These two sites are located 50 north of the Northern cave-like site on a ridge. The Bushman rock painting site is a very low and small overhang on the back wall and side of which are painted 3 human figures and 2 groups of 3 and 4 human figures; all in red pigment. 10 m north of this site on a localised high point is an engraved slab on which 5 giraffe have been done in a roughly pecked-infill technique.
Bloc spoor site: Immediately 30 m south-east of NAM TWT6 site is a large squat rock bloc that bears four and maybe 5 pecked-infill engraved spoor, possibly of rhino.